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Origins of Chinese Herbal Formulas
According to Chinese legend, Shen Nung, the Chinese father of agriculture
and leader of an ancient clan, took it upon himself to test, one
by one, hundreds of different plants to discover their nutritional
and medicinal properties. Many of these turned out to be poisonous
to humans. Over millennia, Chinese have used themselves as guinea
pigs in this same way to continue testing plants for their properties
of inducing cold, heat, warmth, and coolness.
The Buddhist monasteries were involved in the use of herbs for
the poor and needy, and the Taoist were focused on herbs for longevity,
thus it has been said that a lot of these “guinea pigs”
were monks and priests. Both Buddhist and Taoist spiritual paths
placed great emphasis upon rigorous meditation and mind-body awareness
techniques. Many of these priests and monks were finely tuned human
beings, and were able to achieve altered states of awareness through
their strenuous meditation and mind-body techniques. They were extremely
involved with medicinal plants and examined their effects upon their
own bodies and minds.
Imagine, if you would, over the course of thousands of years the
lifestyles of these amazingly committed human beings. Supported
by their communities, fasting and meditating for weeks on end, purifying
their bodies and minds, focused upon the one goal to observe the
action of a particular herb or a particular combination upon their
own body. Detailed knowledge of the meridian systems and organ fields
evolved through their practices, with the laser-like focus of an
altered state, these amazing individuals helped to harness this
knowledge using their own direct experience of their subtle energy
flows Ultimately, they helped to classify the medicinal effects
of the plants on the various parts of the body, determine their
toxicity, what dosages would be beneficial and which herbs would
cause side effects.
TCM and other mature systems throughout the world have studied
the herbal energetic signature effects on the body and mind. Within
TCM, the energy of the plant has several aspects that give it its
unique personality. In order to organize a good herbal formula,
a Chinese herbalist has to know which characteristic elements and
which organs are the beneficiary of which herbs. Each herb is classified
on the basis of a number of classifications, e.g.,Yin-Yang and Five
Elements, so the sum of all herbs in a formula will create the harmonious
“effect” of the formula.
The “Four Energies” are classified as: Hot, Warm, Cool,
Cold or Neutral.
The “Five Tastes” are: Pungent, Sour, Sweet, Salty,
and Bitter. These tastes help to classify herbs further, including
their effect on certain meridian/organ systems throughout the body.
The “Four Directions” help to classify the tendency
of the herb with respect to area of effect in the body. Herbs are
selected to target certain parts of the body, or to facilitate the
movement of other active compounds in the formula such as the Envoy/Messenger/Servant
herbs, e.g., sinking, or floating outward to the surface, or downward,
or, rising upward
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